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Created on Friday, 01 February 2013 17:49
Positioning of View-elements on the screen depends on the ViewGroup layout, inside which they are located. In this lesson we will observe main types of Layouts.
LinearLayout - displays View-elements as a single row if it is Horizontal or a single column if it is Vertical. I used it in the previous lesson, when demonstrating usage of layout-files during screen orientation change.
TableLayout - displays elements in the form of a table, with rows and columns.
RelativeLayout - each elements position is configured relatively to other elements.
AbsoluteLayout - each element is specified an absolute position on the screen in the coordinate system x, y
This type of a ViewGroup is set as default when creating new layout-files. It is really convenient and flexible enough to create screens of different complexity. LL has an Orientation property, which defines how will the child elements be positioned - in a vertical or horizontal line.
Lets make a simple and clear example.
Now we have a LinearLayout with vertical orientation as a root element.
Drag three buttons from the left to the root LinearLayout. They are positioned horizontally.
A ViewGroup can be inserted into another ViewGroup. Lets place two other LL into one. Delete all the elements from three buttons except of the root LL. Specify vertical orientation for the root LL and add two new horizontal LL inside it. They are located in the Layouts section in the list of elements on the left. Let me remind you, that you can drag and drop elements from the list not only to the screen, but also to the specific element in the Outline tab.
Add three buttons inside each horizontal LL. Now we have got two horizontals rows of buttons.
TableLayout consists of rows TableRow TR. And each TR contains View elements that form columns. So the number of Views in TR is a number of columns. But the number of columns in a table must be equal for all rows. Thats why, when different TRs have different numbers of View-elements columns, the overall number of columns is defined by the TR with the maximum number. Lets observe an example.
Create layout-file with TableLayout as a root element.
Add three TableRow rows into the root TableLayout from Layouts section on the left and add two buttons into each row. The result: our table has got three rows and two columns.
Add a few more buttons to the first row. The number of columns now equals 4, as it is defined by the row with the maximum number of elements and it is the first row in our case. For the second and the third rows the third and the fourth columns are empty.
Add a TextView and a Button to the second row and make text in the added TextView empty. Do the same with the third row. We can see that these elements are now placed in the third and the fourth column. And because TextView is empty and not seen on the screen, it seems like the third column in the second and third rows is empty.
The width of the column is defined by the widest element in this column. Enter some text into one of the TextViews and we can see that it has made a column wider.
Now I will remove elements of the fourth column and build a screen like this. Try to do it on your own as an exercise.
TL can contain not only TRs, but also simple Views. For example, add Button just into the TL, not into TR and you will see how it stretches to the width of the whole table.
In this type of Layout, each View-element can be positioned in a specific way relatively to the specified View-element.
1 to the left, right, above or below the specified element layouttoLeftOf, layouttoRightOf, layoutabove, layoutbelow
2 aligned by the left, right, top or bottom edge of the specified element layoutalignLeft, layoutalignRight, layoutalignTop, layoutalignBottom
3 aligned by the left, right, top or bottom edge of a parent layoutalignParentLeft, layoutalignParentRight, layoutalignParentTop, layoutalignParentBottom
4 centered vertically, centered horizontally, centered vertically and horizontally relative to its parent layoutcenterVertical, layoutcenterHorizontal, layoutcenterInParent
RelativeLayout is a the root element here.
We are interested in xml-code. I will now shortly describe unknown attributes and their meanings:
the android word in the name of each element is a namespace, I will omit it in the explanations.
layoutwidth the width of the element and layoutheight the height of the element can be specified in absolute values or can be the following: fillparent maximum available width or height in the bounds of its parent and wrapcontent width of height is defined by the content of an element. Help states that there is also matchparent. It is the same as fillparent. For some reasons, developers of the system decided that matchparent name is more convenient and they will stop using fillparent soon. For now, its left for compatibility. So remember that matchparent fillparent and we will be trying to use matchparent further. Later we will stop on this and analyze it in more detail.
Now lets get back to our elements. In the example we can see a TextView, EditText, and two Buttons - OK and Cancel. Lets look through the attributes we are interested in.
android:layoutwidth matchparent - occupies all the available width even though, its not visible on the screen
You can add some more elements and experiment with their locations.
Pay your attention, that a View element can have no ID android:id. For example, it is not usually needed for a TextView, because most of the times they are static and we rarely refer to them in the application. EditText is different - we work with the text field content, and a Button - we need to process clicks and to know exactly which Button has been pressed. In the future, we will see one more reason to specify an ID for a View-element
Provides absolute positioning of elements on the screen. You specify the coordinates for the left top corner of the component.
Now try to add different elements by dragging them to the screen. They are not aligned as in LinearLayout or in TableLayout, but placed where you dragged them. So it is absolute positioning.
First you might think that this is the most convenient and intuitive method of placing elements on the screen - they are placed wherever you want at once. But this is only in the case when you develop for the screen with a specific resolution. If you look at such application on the other screen, all the elements will be shifted and their positioning will be different from what you have planned. Thats why it is not recommended to use this Layout. And its compatibility with future Android versions is not guaranteed.
There are lots of ViewGroup types, and we will master them one by one. But for now, these are enough.
looked through main types of Layouts: LinearLayout, TableLayout, RelativeLayout, AbsoluteLayout
examine some Layout-properties of View-elements in detail, which allow us to configure their location in a ViewGroup.
When using the site materials reference to required.
You dont need to touch the screen to get things done. When on your home screen or in Google Now, just say Ok Google to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song.
While listening to music on your device, or while projecting movies to Chromecast, you ll see beautiful full-screen album and movie art when your device is locked. You can play, pause, or seek to a specific moment.
The book youre reading, the game youre playing, or the movie youre watching now all of these take center stage with the new immersive mode, which automatically hides everything except what you really want to see. Just swipe the edge of the screen to bring back your status bar and navigation buttons.
Android 4.4 takes system performance to an all-time high by optimizing memory and improving your touchscreen so that it responds faster and more accurately than ever before. This means that you can listen to music while browsing the web, or race down the highway with the latest hit game, all without a hitch.
The new phone app automatically prioritizes your contacts based on the people you talk to the most. You can also search for nearby places and businesses, your contacts, or people in your Google Apps domain.
Whenever you get a call from a phone number not in your contacts, your phone will look for matches from businesses with a local listing on Google Maps. Learn more about caller ID by Google
Never miss a message, no matter how your friend sends it. With the new Hangouts app, all of your SMS and MMS messages are together in the same app, alongside your other conversations and video calls. And with the new Hangouts, you can even share your location and send animated GIFs.
Sometimes words can t express how you feel. For that, there s Emoji, the colorful Japanese characters, now available on Google Keyboard.
Now you can print photos, documents, and web pages from your phone or tablet. You can print to any printer connected to Google Cloud Print, to HP ePrint printers, and to other printers that have apps in the Google Play Store.
From apps like Quickoffice, you can open and save files on Google Drive, other cloud storage services, or your device. And with quick access to recently used files, its easier than ever to send the file you were just working on.
Create and edit documents, spreadsheets and presentations from your phone or tablet with the newly redesigned Quickoffice
For those of you looking to go deeper, heres an exhaustive list of all the updates found in Android 4.4, KitKat.
Android now supports the Message Access Profile MAP so Bluetooth-enabled cars can exchange messages with your devices.
With your Android device and a Chromecast, you can enjoy your favorite online entertainment, from Netflix, YouTube, Hulu Plus, and Google Play on your HDTV.
Applications that embed web content now use Chrome to render web components accurately and quickly.
Android now supports closed captioning and subtitles. To turn on closed captioning, go to Settings Accessibility and turn on Captions.
The Downloads app has been redesigned, giving you new sorting options and list and grid views for all the files youve downloaded.
If you love to customize your device and have installed one or more home screen replacements, you can switch between them easily in Settings Home.
The redesigned Email app has a fresh new look with nested folders, contact photos and better navigation.
Your wallpaper now extends through the notification tray and system buttons. And when you change your wallpaper, you can preview just how it will look before you set it.
HDR mode on Nexus 5 automatically snaps a rapid burst of photos and combines them to give you the best possible single shot. Daytime pictures are vivid with clean shadows, and nighttime photos are sharp with less noise.
On devices with an infrared IR blaster, Android now supports applications for remote control of TVs and other nearby devices.
Access your location settings from anywhere with a new tile in Quick Settings.
If you want to conserve battery, go to Settings Location to switch between high accuracy and battery-saving location modes. Theres no need to toggle GPS, Wi-Fi, and mobile network settings. And to see which apps have recently requested your location, go to Settings Location.
Android 4.4 on Nexus 5 lets you listen to music for longer - up to 60 hours of audio playback.
Jump to a specific part of a song or video from your lock screen. Just long press on the play or pause button and then select the point you want.
Application sandboxes have been hardened with Security-Enhanced Linux.
When you use fitness apps like Moves on Nexus 5, the phone acts as a pedometer to count steps. Android 4.4 and updated hardware make this a more battery-friendly way to measure your activity.
Android 4.4 introduces a new, open architecture for NFC payments that works with any mobile carrier, and lets apps manage your payment information in the cloud or on your device. Now you can tap to pay with Google Wallet or other apps at more than a million stores.
Improved software and Nexus 5s new hardware mean Android responds to your touch faster and more accurately than ever before.
Satellite imagery: 2014 Astrium, DigitalGlobe
The following features and bug fixes were recently checked in. For complete details, see the git changelogs at
Currently, the development happens in studio-1.0-dev branch and gets merged into master. More information about our branches here.
posted Feb 4, 2016, 4:29 PM by Tor Norbye Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Beta 2 to the canary channel.
This fixes an Instant Run related bug we discovered right after rolling beta 1 out.
Please give beta 2 a try; we believe weve fixed several critical issues that have prevented builds from working for a number of users in earlier previews:
Performance regression: Many users reported that the initial build in 2.0 was much slower than in 1.5. Turns out this was related to the way we packaged all dependencies into a single dex file since those are unlikely to change for Instant Run purposes. However, this actually made dex much slower in some scenarios due to the way dex merging works internally.
Dagger2 and other annotation-processor based libraries and plugins: In 2.x weve been using the new incremental Java compilation feature in Gradle, but this feature does not work well with annotation processor. In beta2, we automatically turn off incremental compilation if a project appears to be using annotation processors through the android-apt plugin. Manually wired processors will still fail see /google/dagger/issues/298.
We also fixed a couple of other Instant Run bugs; see in particular the below notice about uninstalling your app once.
Finally, there were a couple of bugs in the SDK manager which prevented the IDE from starting if you had add-ons installed with multiple system images.
Please note : You should uninstall your debug app from your device/emulator once, after updating to 2.0 Beta. This will remove some bad application state on the device that can affect Instant Run. Weve fixed the bug which wrote the bad state in the first place, but this doesnt retroactively remove it from application state already on the device.
If all goes according to plan, we hope to roll this out to the beta channel in a few days, but we would highly appreciate feedback on this canary channel as soon as possible, in particular for Instant Run, to know whether its really ready for beta on your real world applications.
Thanks for testing our preview builds, and please continue reporting bugs! via Help Submit Feedback.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to 2.0 Beta via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Update s.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Feb 3, 2016, 1:57 PM by Tor Norbye updated Feb 4, 2016, 4:36 PM Edited Feb 4th: Weve released a new build beta 2 which fixes the beta 1 blocking bug. Please see the beta 2 announcement.
Edited Feb 3rd: We just discovered a potential blocker in this build. Were pulling the update until weve verified or fixed the issue.
Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Beta to the canary channel - - along with 2.0.0-beta1 of the Gradle plugin to jcenter. If all goes well, well roll it out to the beta channel within a couple of days.
This build contains only critical bug fixes relative to 2.0 Preview 9 from last week.
Thanks for testing our preview builds, and please continue reporting bugs! via Help Submit Feedback.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to 2.0 Beta via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Update s.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Jan 29, 2016, 4:20 PM by Tor Norbye Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 9 to the canary channel - - along with 2.0.0-alpha9 of the Gradle plugin to jcenter and as part of the bundled offline repository within the IDE.
In this release, weve completely turned off in-memory dexing by default. Weve spent the last couple of previews trying to fine-tune it, but there are lingering issues which continues to affect users. This should hopefully make the builds work a lot better for many of you. If things were already working well, you can continue with in-memory dexing by turning it on with
Weve also continued to fix various Instant Run scenarios; in particular, using APK splits on API 23 seems to trigger some platform bugs, so for now weve switched over to using multidex for coldswap for both Lollipop and Marshmallow.
Release notes for the Gradle plugin will appear here.
Thanks for testing our preview builds, and please continue reporting bugs via Help Submit Feedback.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 9 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Update s.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Jan 27, 2016, 8:51 PM by Tor Norbye Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 8 to the canary channel, as well as a new version of the Gradle plugin: 2.0.0-alpha8. Youll want to update both; instant run in particular is only enabled when using the latest versions of both:
This preview contains a number of important fixes relative to preview 7. In particular, a number of users have reported either really slow build times or failed builds using version 2. x of the Gradle plugin. The likely culprit for this is that in 2. x weve switched to perform dexing inside the build process, instead of running dex in an external process because this not only makes incremental builds much faster, but also significantly speeds up full builds. However, the dex process had a larger default heap size than the Gradle daemon, which means that unless youve configured Gradle to run with more memory, the builds can be much more memory constrained which can severely slow down builds or even make them fail running out of memory.
In 2.0.0-alpha8 weve added some automatic diagnostics for this: if the build process is too small, we switch back to out-of-memory dexing and emit a build warning explaining how to bump up the Gradle daemon size. Were also working on some additional related improvements for the next build after alpha8.
Preview 8 also continues to fix user reported bugs for Instant Run. Among a number of stability fixes, weve also turned off cold swap when running on a pre-Lollipop device; incompatible changes will trigger a normal/full build. Hot swap still works on all API levels 15.
Thanks to everyone for their patience helping us track down these problems!
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 8 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Update s.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Jan 22, 2016, 6:27 PM by Tor Norbye updated Jan 23, 2016, 7:59 AM Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 7 to the canary channel. This contains a number of bug fixes on top of preview 6, particularly in the Instant Run area there is also a 2.0.0-alpha7 version of the Gradle plugin. This build also incorporates IntelliJ IDEA 15.0.3, which brings a number of critical IDE fixes from JetBrains. The release notes for the various 15.0.3 milestone builds were incorporating are 1, 2, 3, and 4.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 7 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Update s.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Jan 20, 2016, 10:04 AM by Tor Norbye Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 6 to the canary channel. This contains a weeks worth of bug fixes since Preview 5 last week.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 5 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Update s.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Jan 14, 2016, 10:46 AM by Tor Norbye Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 5 to the canary channel. This build contains a large number of fixes relative to Preview 4 from last month, including
Instant Run : Weve made a huge number of changes in this area. Among the user visible features, we now support cold swap: if there is an incompatible change that cant be hot swapped, it now builds and deploys incremental changes and restarts the app. We use several different methods for this, depending on the API level of the target device:
On Android Marshmallow, we use APK splits, dividing the codebase up into slices that are packaged as individual APK slices, and install these via adb install-multiple. This means that on M, we dont need to use the class loader tricks that we use on older platforms.
On Android Lollipop, we use multidex to split the app code into dex slices, and push those.
On Android KitKat and below, we create a single dex file containing the changed classes.
In addition to coldswap, which restarts a running app after applying incompatible changes, we also support freeze swap where we support building incrementally even when the app isnt originally running. In that case, we push the changes via adb to an inbox directory on the device.
Note that Instant Run now requires a new version of the Gradle plugin: 2.0-alpha5 also released today - release notes for the plugin
There is a new Remove Unused Resources refactoring which finds and removes unused resources in the project.
The unused resource detector has been rewritten, and now supports flagging transitive unused resources resources that are referenced, but only from other unused resources, supports detecting resource references in raw files such image references, and supports the tools:keep and tools:discard attributes used by the Gradle resource shrinker, it considers inactive source sets resources defined in other product flavors and build types, and properly handles static field imports. It now also has a quickfix for removing unused resources.
Implicit API checks. Until now, lint has checked that method calls and field references are supported on all platforms targeted by your minSdkVersion. However, there are a number of classes that have started implementing new interfaces, such as Closeable, in later levels - or that have even changed which super class they extend. For example, KeyEvent only has InputEvent as a super class as of API 9. That means that in all the places where you have an implicit or explicit cast, you also have a potential crash. Lint now tracks these API changes and checks all implicit casts:
Several new lint checks - one looking for a common pitfall in RecyclerView usage, one looking for a potential crash with Parcelable loading, as well as 8 lint checks ported from bytecode analysis to in-IDE analysis such that they can run in the background in the editor.
The IntDef, IntRange and Size inspections are now checked not just for primitive ints, but for int arrays and varargs as well.
A number of other miscellaneous improvements, such as lint now running even when there are syntax errors in the current file being edited, exposing lint issue categories in the IDE analysis window, fixes to make third party lint rules provided from AAR libraries work better inside the IDE, etc.
Data binding: The XML editor now support code completion for data binding expressions.
Test Artifacts: The experimental test artifacts feature where both unit test and instrumentation tests are enabled simultaneously in the IDE has been improved further and is now enabled by default.
Code completion inside style tags should now work better; it looks up the parent styles and suggests eligible items.
Weve also been working on improving the accessibility support, as well as infrastructure work on the SDK manager and the wizard infrastructure.
And as always - a large number of bug fixes. Please let us know if there are new problems, or if the fixes arent working correctly!
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 5 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Updates.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Dec 17, 2015, 5:00 PM by Tor Norbye updated Dec 17, 2015, 5:00 PM Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 4 to the canary channel. This contains a weeks worth of bug fixes since Preview 3 last week. The most notable change is an update to IntelliJ 15.0.2 in the base IDE, which picks up a number of fixes from JetBrains:
There are also some changes to support the next emulator preview build.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 4 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Updates.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary
posted Dec 10, 2015, 1:30 PM by Tor Norbye updated Dec 10, 2015, 6:39 PM by J. Eason Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 3 to the canary channel.
This build contains a large number of bug fixes, along with the following notable changes:
A new lint check which looks at switch statements used in concert with IntDef integers, and makes sure that all constants from the IntDef are handled:
Note that there is a quickfix for adding the missing statements as well, so after adding an empty switch statement this is a quick way to populate the initial set of case statements:
A new lint check which flags incorrect attempts to insert version numbers in Gradle file using String interpolation. This will automatically flag this gotcha
Two new security lint checks contributed by Michael Peck: One which looks for native code in unsafe locations such as asset folders, and another which flags and calls.
The translation editor now supports speed search and F2 to enter cell editing.
Weve also tweaked the Instant Run facility such that when changes cant be hotswapped, theres a confirmation dialog before restarting the app. Well be tweaking this in the next preview build.
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 3 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Updates.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
posted Dec 3, 2015, 3:24 PM by Tor Norbye Weve just pushed Android Studio 2.0 Preview 2 to the canary channel.
This build fixes a number of bugs found in Preview 1. Some notable issues many users encountered are:
Several instant run bugs make sure you also update your Gradle plugin to 2.0.0-alpha2
You can update your current 2.0 Preview installation to Preview 2 via the built-in patch mechanism Check for Updates.
If you run into problems, be sure to check the Known Issues page which well update as necessary.
Take a walk down memory lane and explore all of Androids tasty treats. Each major release version is named after something sweet.
Take a walk down memory lane and explore all of Androids tasty treats. Each major release version is named after something sweet.
Get assistance without having to leave what youre doingwhether youre in an app or on a website. Just tap and hold the home button.
Define what you want to share with apps on your device and when. Turn permissions off at any time, too.
Enjoy a battery that works smarter, not harder. Marshmallow optimizes your juice for what matters most with features like Doze and App Standby.
Now theres smore to love about your mobile device: easy shortcuts to smart answers with Now on Tap, battery life that can last longer and new app permissions that give you more control.
Android gets an entirely new look and feel that makes it easier to navigate your device. Based on shadows and motion, Material Design unites the classic principles of good design with the innovation of whats possible through technology.
With Lollipop you can seamlessly move from your phone to your tablet, Android Wear watch, or Android TV. Since Lollipop works on all your devices, you can pick up where you left off with songs, apps, photos, and even recent searches.
Notifications move to the lock screen where they appear in neatly segmented cards. Catch up at a glance, or even view and respond to messages directly from your lock screen. Granular controls let you customize the content appearing on your lock screen.
Android arrives on screens big and small - from phones and tablets to watches, TVs and cars. Lollipop has a bold visual style and the fluid tactile response of Material Design.
Get things done without touching your screen. Just say Ok Google to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song.
Immerse yourself in what youre doing. Whether youre reading a book, playing a game, or watching a movie, KitKats immersive design hides everything except what you really want to see.
KitKat prioritizes the contacts you talk to most and you can search for nearby places directly from the dialer. Whenever you get a call from an unknown phone number, your phone will look for matches from local listings on Google Maps. Learn more
Android KitKat helped you get things done with just the sound of your voice - just say Ok Google to launch voice search, send a text, get directions or even play a song. And when you are hands on with your device, a new immersive design brings your content to center stage.
Get the information you need at just the right time with Google Now. Pioneering a new level of mobile assistance, Google Now gives you todays weather as youre getting dressed and commute times before you walk out the door.
With Jelly Bean, notifications expand to show more information and let you respond in the moment; take action directly from the notification.
Jelly Bean enabled multiple users on one device. Each account has its own customized space from home screen to wallpaper, widgets and apps so you can share a device and not your info. Multi-user launched with tablets and later rolled out to phones with Lollipop.
Intelligence permeated all facets of Jelly Bean which ushered in the era of personalized mobile assistance with Google Now. It also made notifications more actionable and allowed one device to work for multiple user accounts.
Ice Cream Sandwich introduced app folders and a favorites tray. Widgets, which embed live app content directly on your home screen, became more flexible: expand your widget to show more content or shrink to save space.
Manage your network data usage to keep mobile costs under control. Track how much data you use, set warning levels and hard limits, and disable your service if you reach the limit.
Futuristic at the time, Android Beam allowed two phones to instantly share content via NFC by simply touching them together. Share apps, contacts, music, and videos with someone else - all without needing to open a menu, an app, or pair a phone.
Ice Cream Sandwich upped the ante on customization and user control tailor your home screen, define how much data you use and instantly share content when you want.
Honeycomb made the most of your tablets on-screen real estate. With a larger layout pattern, it enhanced the experience of reading books, watching videos, exploring maps, and more.
Gone are the days of a physical Home, Back, and Menu button. With Honeycomb, a new system bar enabled on-screen navigation controls on your Android device.
The new Quick Settings let you access essential information more easily: see the time, date, battery life, and connection status of your device all in one place.
Honeycomb ushered in the era of tablets with a flexible interface design that showcases large imagery and seamless on-screen navigation.
Easter eggs have been hiding in every Android release since Gingerbread. Learn more
Gingerbread catapulted Android gaming to new heights. App developers were able to build rich, graphics-intensive 3D games thanks to new lower level access to audio, device controls, graphics and storage.
Several years before in store mobile payments took off, Android launched Near Field Communication NFC support which let you transmit information between devices just by bringing them close together. With NFC, Gingerbread launched a slew of possibilities for delivering services with the simple tap of a device.
Gingerbread helped you get the most life out of your battery by knowing exactly how your device uses it; find out how much battery each aspect of your device consumes, from screen brightness to any active app.
Gingerbread made the Android experience simpler and faster for both users and developers. Gaming reached new heights, battery life lasted longer and NFC support spawned a whole new category of apps.
Froyo took Android voice capabilities to the next level with Voice Actions which let you perform key functions on your phone- searching, getting directions, making notes, setting alarms, and more - with just the sound of your voice.
With tethering, Froyo let you turn your phone into a portable Wi-Fi hotspot so you could stay connected even when on the go.
Froyo introduced the Dalvik JIT compiler which delivered up to 5X performance improvement in CPU-bound code. It also brought the V8 JavaScript engine to the Android browser resulting in 2-3X improvement in JavaScript performance.
Froyo unveiled lightning fast phones that can be controlled by the sound of your voice and hotspot capabilities ensured youre always connected on the go.
Google Maps Navigation gave new meaning to the definition of a smartphone. Turn-by-turn directions using Google Maps data included many features found in a typical in-car navigation system: a forward-looking 3D view, voice guidance, and traffic information - all for free.
Android has always let you make your home screen just how you want it with custom ringtones, wallpapers, and the ability to arrange apps and widgets across multiple screens and in folders. Eclair introduced live wallpapers that came to life on an unheard-of 854 x 480 display.
Well before the days of Ok Google voice actions, you could tap the microphone icon to dictate right to your phone. Eclair replaced the comma key on the soft keyboard with a microphone; with a simple tap, your spoken words appear right on your screen.
With Eclair high density displays showed off stunning live wallpapers that respond to your touch. Drive anywhere with turn-by-turn navigation and real-time traffic information, right from your phone.
Androids ubiquitous Quick Search Box was introduced way back with Donut. Get search results from the web and from your phones local content all at once from a single box on the home screen.
Android comes in all shapes and sizes thanks to capabilities launched with Donut which allowed Android to run on a variety of screen resolutions and aspect ratios. This opened the door for phones featuring displays other than 320 x 480 portrait.
Before there was Google Play, there was Android Market. Launched in 2008, Android Market was redesigned with Donut to expose top free apps and paid apps just as Androids third-party app catalog started to explode.
Donut brought the words information to your fingertips with the Quick Search Box. It also planted the seeds for Android to come in all shapes and sizes - meanwhile Android Market came of age.
Satellite imagery: 2014 Astrium, DigitalGlobe
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1. Мультиметр Victor VC890D
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3. Регулируемый паяльник 60 Вт
Простой, но в тоже время очень эффективный программный пакет для проектировки и ручной разводки печатных плат малой и средней сложности. Программа очень популярна среди Российских радиолюбителей.
Основным достоинством Sprint-Layout является интуитивно понятный интерфейс, включающий в себя лишь самые необходимые инструменты для подготовки печатных плат размером 300 на 300 мм. Программа позволяет работать с двумя слоями проводников и маркировки для каждой стороны платы. Дополнительные возможности слой паяльной маски, металлизация, SMD-маска. Встроенный трассировщик только помогает разводить проводники, и не является автоматическим. В пополняемой библиотеке содержатся наиболее распространенные электронные компоненты. В Sprint-Layout реализована возможность экспортировать результаты работы в популярные форматы Excellon и Gerber, а также создать файл HPGL для отделки печатной платы на программно-управляемом фрезерном станке. Пакет широко применяется для изготовления плат ЛУТ способом.
Программа вряд ли подойдет профессионалам, поскольку ее возможности ограничены небольшими платами с невысокой плотностью элементов. Но, благодаря логичной и понятной структуре, Sprint-Layout очень проста в освоении и рекомендуется начинающим проектировщикам, не желающим тратить свое время на изучение более сложных программ.
Язык программы немецкий или английский. Отечественными энтузиастами был создан полностью работоспособный русифицированный вариант программы, получивший в сети наименование Sprint-Layout 6 но не имеющая какое-либо отношение к официальной 6-ой версии, выпущенной в 2013 году. Интерфейс был изменен для большего удобства, добавлено большое количество электронных компонентов и сохранена совместимость со всеми оригинальными версиями Sprint-Layout до 5-ой версии.
Распространение программы: Shareware платная, цена - 40 евро
Форматы файлов Sprint-Layout: LAY, LAY6, экспорт в Gerber или Excellon
Скачать Sprint-Layout Viewer 5.0
Скачать демо Sprint-Layout 5.0
В этой программе я работаю давно с 4 версии а была еще такая версия Layout 86 но почему-то историю немного забыли в первой версии L86 можно было разводить платы размером вроде 150х150мм и при наличии принтера распечатать. Кроме того была интересная функция автотрасса которая сейчас используется в программе Dip Trace. Программа хороша не спорю все автоматом делает. Но нужна привычка. Сейчас у меня версия SL-5 и я пока доволен работает спокойно. Интерфейс написан таким образом что создается впечатление, что Ты вырос вместе с этой программой. Что касается деталей, так можно свою библиотеку создать. Работа будет эффективнее. А вот просмотры в 3D мне кажется лишним. Неплохо бы было, если бы был конвертер генерации G-кода для машинной обработки.
Отличная программа, работаю с ней ещё с 3 версии. Но сейчас проблема, не печатает, даже в меню печати не заходит, возможно из за Комодо антивируса, заблокировал доступ exe файла к ресурсам принтера?
Очень хорошая программа, недавно скачал, а пользы-уйма! В некоторых статьях нет печатных плат, что затрудняет работу по созданию устройства. А с этой программой намного легче: если нет печатки в статье, можно самому её нарисовать, легко потом травитьмне 11 лет и ещё много плюсов!
Как в SprintLayout 6.0 загрузить список собственных макросов так, чтобы он был в отдельном директории?
В корневом каталоге программы есть папка называется Makros, открываете и сохраняете макросы. Если же из самой программы, то в верхнем меню вкладка Файл - Сохранить как макрос
Здоровская программка! Очень удобная, простая в понимании. Как раз то что я искал
Поставил СЛ 5.0 на вин7 х64, работает вполне, но нет какого-то шрифта: справа, где Плата под ней все надписи кракозябрами и внизу, правее слоев, тоже самое.
Блин, у меня тоже хрень вместо шрифтов отображается. Думал проблема со шрифтами в винде, а оно нет. Наустанавливал миллион всяких, проблема не ушла, пробовал переустанавливать прогу, - не что делать? Винда 7я максимальная 32 бит.
Я так и не понял: в этой программе автотрассировка есть или только ручная?
Автотрассировки нет, только ручная разводка.
Создала плату в слое M2. А нужно мне сборочный чертеж, соответственно как мне из слоя м2 дорожки отразить в другие слои?
Чтобы из слоя М2 перенести плату, нужно сделать общее выделение или какого то компонента, нажать по выделенному правой кнопкой мышки появиться меню. Выберите пункт перенести на слой
Подскажите пожалуйста! Существует версия для линукс?
Нет. Пользуйтесь wine или Virtual Box
Как поставить контакт не по сетке?
Переместите его с зажатой клавишей Ctrl.
Как в этой программе можно сделать русские надписи?
Коллеги, как совместить в одном файле два проекта?
Есть две односторонние платы, одна TOP 7339, другая BOTTOM 3642. Для заказа хочу разместить их на одной доске, а то подготовка заказа по раздельности уж больно дорогая. Нигде не увидел такой опции.
Открой в разных окнах, выдели, скопируй и вставляй. Проблем не должно быть, сам так делаю
Если для того, чтобы сохранить на одном листе несколько готовых плат, можно сохранить их как макросы, а потом собирать вместе
Можете добавить, что на Win8.1 64bit тоже прекрасно работает.
Хорошая программка, и отлично работает на Win8.1 64bit, я на ней диплом щас делаю, про робота-манипулятора мп-9с. Жать нет проверки платы на работоспособность. Я имею ввиду CAD части нет.
Какой смысл в демо версиях?
Чтобы пользователь мог оценить работу ПО до приобретения.
Спасибо за подробный обзор.
1 Было бы хорошо иметь под рукой бумажный вариант данных статей, ну или PDF файл. Думаю, что новички меня поддержат.
2 Не помешает дополнить цикл статёй по ориентированию в названии макросов.
Если речь про курс, то каждую статью и так можно скачать в PDF
Я вам верю, но пересмотрев еще раз, все 4 курса, не увидел как можно их скачать в PDF формате.
Будьте любезны, укажите куда смотреть.
Люди подскажите - рисовал на плате для клавиатуры дорожки и контакты на лицевой стороне - видимой. Далее дорожки на обратной стороне - невидимой. НО при предпросмотре для печати контакты и посадочные отверстия для кнопок видны только на одном слое, почему их нет на другом и копировать и вставить программа не или контакты и посадочные отверстия нужно отдельно рисовать на оборотной стороне?
Программа Sprint-Layout 6.0 сохраняет файлы в 6 Почему так? Этот формат не открывается Sprint-Layout 5.0 и как быть? Я печатку нарисовал, люди будут скачивать и не у всех же Sprint-Layout 6.0 стоит, начнут открывать и не получится. Как сделать так, что бы 6 версия в сохраняла, а не 6
В чем измеряется сила тока?
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